$3.61
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Raw sienna is one of a group of "natural" pigments that consist of iron oxide of one form or another in varying proportions with other colorants. Some are nearly 100% iron oxide, and some are mixtures with other oxides, often manganese oxide, this group has the largest proportion of pigment being iron oxide. They are "natural" in the sense that they can all be found in nature, but most can also be synthetic. The supplier doesn't specify whether this is the pure natural or synthetic one. Synthetics tend to be very even in color, consistent from batch to batch, more saturated, and to have very fine particle sizes. I'm guessing this is natural or a blend of natural and synthetic.
We carry these other "earth" pigments that are iron oxide based: black, yellow, and red iron oxide, yellow ochre, burnt umber, burnt sienna, and this one, raw sienna. Both the "umber" and "sienna" can be "raw" or "burnt". Burnt simply means they've been heated (calcined) to change the color. The raw version (this listing) is on the yellowish side, when heated burnt sienna takes on a darker brown with a reddish cast.
The Cameo database of art materials has a brief entry for raw sienna:
http://cameo.mfa.org/wiki/Raw_sienna
"A dark yellow iron oxide pigment. Raw sienna is a natural earth mixture that contains at least 50% hydrated ferric oxide (goethite) mixed with alumina, clay, and some manganese dioxide. Raw sienna is a semi-opaque, permanent pigment. It was named for the south Italian city of Siena that produced fine grades of the pigment; it was originally called Italian earth."
Raw sienna is used both as a paint pigment and a ceramic pigment. It's been used for 75 or more millennia as a pigment, along with other colors iron oxide mentioned above. Iron oxide is an common substance on Earth. Its prehistoric abundance in caves and cave paintings is well known, as is its use in ancient Egypt and other cultures from antiquity.
The Wiki article on sienna covers both the raw and the burnt:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienna
"Raw sienna is a yellowish-brown natural earth pigment, composed primarily of iron oxide hydroxide....It contains a large quantity of iron oxide and a small quantity (about five percent) of manganese oxide......Sienna, in its natural state, it is yellow-brown and is called raw sienna. When heated, it becomes a reddish brown and is called burnt sienna......Along with ochre and umber, it was one of the first pigments to be used by humans, and is found in many cave paintings. Since the Renaissance, it has been one of the brown pigments most widely used by artists.....The pigment sienna was known and used, in its natural form, by the ancient Romans.... it was noted by the most widely read author about painting techniques, Giorgio Vasari, under the name terra rossa. It became, along with umber and yellow ochre, one of the standard browns used by artists from the 16th to 19th centuries, including Caravaggio (1571-1610) and Rembrandt (1606-1669), who used all the earth colours, including ochre, sienna and umber, in his palette.....By the 1940s, the traditional sources in Italy were nearly exhausted. Much of today's sienna production is carried out in the Italian islands of Sardinia and Sicily, while other major deposits are found in the Appalachian Mountains, where it is often found alongside the region's iron deposits.....In the 20th century, pigments began to be produced using synthetic iron oxide rather than the natural earth."
The article goes on to say this about raw sienna specifically:
"Raw sienna is a yellowish-brown natural earth pigment, composed primarily of iron oxide hydroxide. The box shows the colour of the pigment in its natural, or raw state. It contains a large quantity of iron oxide and a small quantity (about five percent) of manganese oxide. This kind of pigment is known as yellow ochre, yellow earth, limonite, or terra gialla. The pigment name for natural raw sienna from the Colour Index International, shown on the labels of oil paints, is PY-43."
The Wiki article continues and makes an important point about the sienna colors, which is true for several of the "earth" or iron oxide containing pigments such as umber:
"There is no single agreed standard for the color of sienna, and the name is used today for a wide variety of hues and shades. They vary by country and color list, and there are many proprietary variations offered by paint companies."-
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